Range to tower within line of sight is mostly determined by the tower capacity and local demand measured by closest proximity, and frequency.
The old 800Mhz analog towers ran at 100% power 24/7 like a TV transmitting station or a lighthouse beacon, and this is why you could get connection to farnsworth tower located near Tooele / SLC clear up in idaho or clear down by Nephi back in the day.
The new digital towers throttle wattage power determined on tower capacity (design plate for max number of connections/subscribers at one time). As new subscribers add load to the tower, the tower automatically reduces output power to reduce range to service ONLY the number of subscribers the tower is designed to support. This is why at 2 AM you have great connection all over the lake, but as people wake up and start using their phones the outer range ring begins to shrink adjusting to manage the number of connections. This is why you go from 3 bars to 1 without moving your phone. This is also why you have amazing service in the off season and no so much during the peak.
Even if you have a view of Navajo, you may not have a signal at 9AM or noon or 7 PM. The older style 3G system had much better range than current 5G, but the quality of experience on 3G was poor and on a 5G link is amazingly high.
5G can be very confusing because everyone wants to be part of it even if they are not on the high bandwidth short range MM frequencies. True 5G will have crazy high speeds but crazy short ranges. Many providers have decided to stack bandwidth across longer range channels, you see higher speeds and you see 5G on the display but there is NO WAY you are actually meeting the 6 requirements of 5G as distance to tower is problematic as the true higher 5G channels fade out when exposed to oxygen and rain. 5G is like golfing with ping pong balls, hit out as hard as you want the distance is always short.
Another trick the service providers have in play is not connecting to stronger signals with high ping rates (greater distance from tower - indicates a boosted signal) the tower knows if you are outside the preferred service ring and can actually shut off or reduce power output of your signal boosting equipment. The older gear does not have this provider controlled throttle but the older gear is no longer able to connect on the old EOL channels.
I have a stacked cellular system that actually combines ATT, Verizon and T-mobile and I often see speeds over 100 and sometimes over 300Mbps up and down. I use the three different carriers to increase probability of a single connection, but you can also stack same carrier cards. look at cradle point branded products With a high db external antenna.
Starlink is amazing as it works virtually everywhere but the speeds are all over the place especially with slower uploads in areas of few ground stations. There is a massive scaling issues with starlink, and it has significant issues currently with its internal LEO laser tracking system. The entire concept and design and deployment is 100% fascinating and is the result of thinking way outside the box With lots of funding to cover first round failures. It will only get better, but they need to improve known tracking issues and increase the number of earth connected mother ships.
Iridium is the gold standard but super expensive and global star is the laughing joke of the industry. For fast internet stick with LEO and not GS orbits.
If your phone is slow or not connecting, just turn out off and then back on for it to perform a new channel scan.
The new iPhone 14 enjoys satellite connection during emergencies much like spot or in reach. This is handy in an emergency but not designed to engage tik tok or YouTube.